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21 October, 11:13

How genetic conditions are transmitted from one person to another

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  1. 21 October, 11:20
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    there are 5 ways this could happen

    Autosomal dominant inheritance: a child recieves a normal gene from one parent and a defective gene from the other parent.

    can occur on any of the 22 non-sex chromosomes and have a 50% inheritence rate, gender is not a factor, and disorder differs with inheritance.

    examples: Huntington's disease, neurofibromatosis, acho ndroplasia, familial hypercholesterolemia

    Autosomal recessive inheritance: both parents carry the defective gene but they are not affected by the disorder.

    there is a 25% chance of defective gene from both parents, a 50% chance of inheriting one gene to become a carrier, gender is not a factor in the pattern of the defective gene.

    examples: Tay-Sachs disease, sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria (PKU)

    X-linked (sex-linked) recessive inheritance: mother carries the affective gene on one of the two X chromosomes.

    males inherite X chromosomes from their mothers and Y from their father; which gives the son a 50% chance of inheriting the disorder.

    daughters have a 50% chance, but they are not affected by the disorder.

    examples: Hemophilia A, Duchenne muscular dystrophy

    X-linked Dominant: females are affected more so than males; more common for males if they are in the same generation if the mom is affected (because females have two X-chromosomes)

    example: Hypophatemic rickets (Vitiamin Dresistant rickets, ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.

    Mitochondrial: can affect both males and femlaes, can only be passed by females due to all mitochondria of all children is from the mother, and can appear in every generation.

    examples: Lebrer's hereditary optic neuropathy and Kearns-Sayre syndrome
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