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Suppose Host A sends Host B a TCP segment encapsulated in an IP datagram. When Host B receives the datagram, how does the network layer in Host B know it should pass the segment (that is, the payload of the datagram) to TCP rather than to UDP or to something else?

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  1. 4 September, 18:09
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    Answer: Looking into IP header, for a specific field, that identifies TCP as the transport protocol to be used.

    Explanation:

    In the IP Header, there is a field (of 8 bits wide), called Protocol in the IPv4 version, and Next header in IPv6, that contains a hexadecimal number that identifies the transport protocol to be used.

    For instance, if the segment should be passed to TCP, the Protocol Field must be filled with 0x06 = 00000110.
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