Explain why there are fundamental ideas of software engineering that apply to all types of software systems.

Solution:

Because of all software systems have common quality attributes, including

Fundamental software engineering activities. The four basic process activities of specification, development, validation and evolution are organized differently in different development processes. The software is implemented either by developing a program or programs or by configuring an application system. Such that at they (Software engineer) have been made keeping in mind project development. They hence, apply to all software systems and even non software systems. They are the fundamentals for any kind of project development.

Thus this is the required answer ...