What do the tools such as bits, reins, halters, knives, and whips symbolize in the story?

the weapons Russians used to overthrow the tsar

the excesses that the tsar's ruling class enjoyed

the tools the tsar used to torture those who rebelled

the oppression of the working class under the tsar

The tools such as bits, reins, halters, knives, and whips symbolize the oppression of the working class under the tsar.

Explanation:

Each one of those devices represent to the vehicle of the dictatorship to have the people under their control. The viciousness, the consistent compromise of their lives. It speaks to the absence of decisions the common laborers had under the tsar' regime.

The question belongs to this passage from chapter 2 of Animal Farm:

The harness-room at the end of the stables was broken open; the bits, the nose-rings, the dog-chains, the cruel knives with which Mr. Jones had been used to castrate the pigs and lambs, were all flung down the well. The reins, the halters, the blinkers, the degrading nosebags, were thrown on to the rubbish fire which was burning in the yard. So were the whips. All the animals capered with joy when they saw the whips going up in flames.