Chapter 12

1) What were Louie's first steps towards survival once he surfaced in the ocean?

When Louie, Phil and Mac were on the raft, a key factor in their survival was optimism.

Explanation:

All three men were young and able-bodied, veterans of the same training, experiencing the same hardships and traumas, yet Louie and Phil remained optimistic while Mac was hopeless, seemingly doomed by his pessimism.