Which of these authors wrote a story that revolved around captain underwater adventures with his crew in a submarine long before the submarine was actually invented?

The correct answer is Jules Verne.

The story you are referring to is Twenty Thousand Leagues Under The Sea, written in 1870, and the submarine was invented years later. One could say that his Nautilus (the submarine in the story) was an inspiration for the actual submarine that was invented many years after the story was published. Verne was a French novelist who was famous for his futuristic and sci-fi stories.

Jules verne wrote 20,000 League s Under the Sea long brfore submarines were invented.