Brazil was home to this African colony of runaway slaves

Palmares, or Quilombo dos Palmares, were an African colony of runaway slaves in colonial Brazil from 1605 to 1694. Portugal colonization of the northeastern coast of Brazil utilized enslaved Africans and Native Americans on sugar plantations. Some, however, resisted and ran away to settlements in the area of Pernambuco. These settlements formed the colony of Quilombo dos Palmares.

Beginning in 1604, Palmares consisted of several fugitive slave settlements that all pledged their loyalty to one leader and operated in a similar fashion to African political systems. After nearly a century of fighting Portuguese and Dutch sovereignty, the colony fell to a Portuguese military force in 1694.