What transformation occurs to f (x) in the function f (x) - 7? *

O

O

O

right 7

left 7

up 7

Odown 7

The first transformation occurs when we add a constant d to the parent function / displaystyle f/left (x/right) = {b}^{x}f (x) = b

x

, giving us a vertical shift d units in the same direction as the sign. For example, if we begin by graphing a parent function, / displaystyle f/left (x/right) = {2}^{x}f (x) = 2

x

, we can then graph two vertical shifts alongside it, using / displaystyle d=3d=3: the upward shift, / displaystyle g/left (x/right) = {2}^{x}+3g (x) = 2

x

+3 and the downward shift, / displaystyle h/left (x/right) = {2}^{x}-3h (x) = 2

x

-3. Both vertical shifts are shown in Figure 5.