Which of the following was an ecological result of European exploration from 1400 to 1800?

I couldn't find choices in Google though I looked carefully so i would say from my own research one of the very most important discoveries was of Alexander Von Humboldt and his sidekick, Aime Bonpland that species change significantly with altitude a discovery made while climbing to near the top of some very high volcanoes in Ecuador and this initiated the science of ecology ie the effect of altitude on ecology.