Which economic challenge does Eastern Europe face today? (A) no markets for its goods (B) lack of modernized industries (C) pressure to join the European Union (D) labor shortages

Answer: lack of modernized industries. B is correct. However, Eastern Europe is not a homogeneous and contains very different countries and regions.

Explanation: They lack centers of excellence, they lack effective connection between research/inventions/innovations and fabrication/technology/production. In this respect these countries fall behind more progressive north-western Europe.