Why has muslim extremism led to conflict in the region?

You mean extremism? Muslims, are a group of people who follow the religion of Islam; which preaches peace, just as many other religions. What confuses me is why we label people now, Muslims are "terrorists", Christians are "supremacists", and Jews are "Zionists". Everyone should be able to have their beliefs without having criticism from other people.

But to answer your question, the conflict started to happen when the extremists had started to kill people ruthlessly. And when people are killed, war happens, and war is never a good thing to happen to a country.