Analyze the delicate balance between tribal and national identity in present-day Africa?

The tribal and national identity in Africa are a big problem. Lots of the people from certain tribes identify them selves as by the tribal identity first, and secondary by the national identity. The problem emerges when one group of people do not recognize the other group of people as part of the national identity because they differ in culture, religion, language. So this very often creates conflicts that last for years, on multiple occasions even genocides have been performed, and some tribes do not allow members of other rival tribes on the territory where they are dominant. So all in all, the national identity suffers, the people suffer, and the governments haven't been able to find a solution yet.