By 1965, more African Americans had professional and managerial jobs than whites.

False

Executive Order 11246 (1965), and later executive orders, demand from federal contractors to take affirmative action to provide that all individuals have an equal opportunity for employment, without regard to race, color, sex, religion, or national origin.

The growth of African-American employment (particularly for women) in the public sector and among public contractors after Executive Order 11246 seems strong.

African-American male employment increased at a 37 % faster in the contractor sector; at the same time, white male employment declined at a 12% in the contractor sector.