1. What were the underlying causes of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s-1960s?

Civil Rights Movement was caused by the rampant discrimination of the segregation laws that had continued in the USA.

Explanation:

Segreagation laws were an arachaic practice that had continued in the USA even as the world was rapidly decolonizing and becoming increasingly free among its people.

Many countries had already achieved universal suffrage but USA was far behind in this thing from the other countrysides of the world

Thus the leaders felt that there was a need for revolution to bring constitutional equality to USA that it has always talked about in its constitution but never actually practiced in real.