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Using complete sentences, identify and explain at least three reasons why the Spanish were able to defeat the Aztec and Inca empires.

The Spanish explorer Francisco Pizarro invaded the Incan Empire in 1532, seeking its riches. The Inca had already had some contact with Europeans, and many had died of European diseases. The empire was also weakened by a civil war between two ruling brothers. Pizarro manipulated the two sides, eventually defeating both.

The first empire to fall would be the Aztecs in 1519 due to Hernan Cortes and the Incas in 1533 to Francisco Pizarro. Cortes and Pizarro were able to use the same tactic to defeat both of the empires. They each recruited other tribes that sought to free themselves from their rule.

Sample Response: The Aztec and Inca empires were among the largest and most advanced civilizations of their time. With the empires' vast land holdings and populations in the millions, it is amazing that the Spanish were able to cause the fall of the empires in a matter of years. Hernando Cortes and Francisco Pizarro were the two men credited with toppling these empires. One of the early advantages for both was that the Aztec and Inca emperors welcomed them into their respective cities. Once inside, the Spanish easily captured and killed the emperors, removing the Aztec and Inca's top rulers. The Spanish were aided by their superior weapons and armor. The horses that they brought from Europe also made a big difference in their military success. The Aztec and Inca did not have access to these items, nor had they seen them before. An unseen enemy of the native people was European diseases. Thousands died because they did not have immunity to them. Cortes and his conquistadors had the advantage of alliances with Aztec enemy tribes. These tribes fought alongside the Spanish, giving them more military strength than they would have had with the small numbers they had on their own.