Which european philosopher proposed that dividing the government into three branches would prevent any one person or group from gaining total control?

Baron de Montesquieu

Explanation:

Baron de Montesquieu proposed that dividing the government into three branches would prevent any one person or group from gaining total control of the government.

John Locke

Explanation:

Anticipating Montesquieu, whom Locke influenced, describes the separation of legislative and executive power. The authority of the State is based on the principles of popular sovereignty and legality. Power is not absolute but must respect human rights.