The nonviolent marches and demonstrations in Birmingham

a. were met with brutal, violent reactions by the police and many white citizens.

b. were largely ignored by the Kennedy administration.

c. brought an immediate end to segragation in Alabama.

d. not covered by the national media.

During the Civil Rights era in the United States, the "nonviolent marches and demonstrations in Birmingham " a. were met with brutal, violent reactions by the police and many white citizens," since this was a major catalyst for many whites in the North to get involved in the movement.