What were the two periods of reconstruction after the civil war? How were they different from one another?

There was physical and cultural reconstruction.

The physical reconstruction rebuilt the south and the cultural reconstruction set out to reunite the Union of the U. S.

The rebuilding of the South after the Civil War is called the Reconstruction. President Lincoln wanted to bring the Nation back together as quickly as possible and in December 1863 he offered his plan for Reconstruction which required that the States new constitutions prohibit slavery.