How did the moguls establish a new dynasty in india, and what led to its decline?

The Mughal dynasty was founded by Babur, a Chagatai Turkic prince who was descended from the famous Turkic conqueror Timur (Tamerlane) on his father side, and from Chagatai, second son of Mongol ruler Genghis Khan, on his mother side. Expelled from his ancestral dominion of Central Asia, Babur invaded India in the early 16th century to satisfy his appetite for conquest. He was based in Afghanistan and from there his forces were able to secure the Punjab region. In the following years, he defeated a series of Indian rulers. The Mughals ruled India for seven generations by showing great talent and administrative efficiency. Decline started with the reign of Muhammad Shah (1719-48), with his power weakened by dynastic wars, factional rivalries, and the invasion of northern India by Nadir Shah, an Iranian ruler. After Shah's death, the Marathas occupied much of northern India. The final nail into the Mughal coffin was the British colonization.