1. Which was not a cause of the Protestant reformation?

worldliness and greed among Catholic officials

the Renaissance spirit of questioning authority

Thirty Years' War

sale of indulgences

2. Which was not a consequence of the Protestant Reinformation?

the rise of nation-states

the Columbian Exchange

wars of religion

belief in predestination.

Answer #1, not a cause of Protestant Reformation:

Thirty Years' War

Answer #2, not a consequence of Protestant Reformation:

The Columbian Exchange

Explanation:

The Thirty Years' War was one of the Wars of Religion that followed as a consequence of the Protestant Reformation. The Protestant Reformation is usually dated as beginning in 1517 with Martin Luther's posting of his 95 Theses concerning the sale of indulgences. The Thirty Years' War was fought a century after that, from 1618-1648.

The Columbian Exchange is the name given to transfer of plants, animals, culture, people, ideas and more between Europe, the American continents, and West Africa, in the 15th and 16th centuries. It is named after Christopher Columbus, who was credited with "discovering" the lands of the Western Hemisphere with his voyages beginning in 1492. The Columbian Exchange happened around the same time as the Protestant Reformation and its aftermath were occurring in Europe, but the two were not related events.