state that was the cultural center of Italy 2. state in southern Italy ruled by a hereditary monarch: state in southern Italy ruled by a hereditary monarch 3. German printer who developed movable type: German printer who developed movable type 4. author of an influential treatise on political power: author of an influential treatise on political power

1. Florence.

2. Naples.

3. Johannes Gutenberg.

4. Niccolò Machiavelli

Explanation:

1. During the late Middle Ages, around the 15th century, Florence had become the cultural capital of Italy. The city was dominated the House of Medici, who were important patrons of the arts, funding artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michaelangelo.

2. The Kingdom of Naples, ruled southern Italy between 1282 and 1816. Initially called the Kingdom of Sicily, it became separate from it until they reunified in 1816. It would finally became one with the Kingdom of Italy until 1861.

3. Johannes Gutenberg was a German inventor who created the first modern printing press with movable types around 1440. While printing presses already existed, his presses made the printing of books much more faster, practical and cheaper.

4. Niccolò Machiavelli was an Italian political philosopher. Often considered the father of political science, his book The Prince (1513) was and it still is considered a major influential treatise on political power.