What did mikhail gorbachev, former soviet president, encourage for eastern european nations?

Tito ruled Yugoslavia as a Communist state without the Soviets. He accomplished this because he managed to liberate Yugoslavia without the use of Soviet ground forces. When the Soviets reached the Yugoslav Borders they were met by successful partisans who greeted them happily but made very sure that the Soviets did not enter Yugoslav territory.

Tito had extensive knowledge of the Soviets that he had experienced from his time in Moscow as a communist cadre. He was arrested several times but managed to survive and return home. He knew if he allowed the Soviets to enter Yugoslavia he would never be rid of them. He also made sure that the Yugoslav armed forces were strong enough to be a significant difficulty if the Soviets tried to invade.