The disintegration of the Abbasid Caliphate most directly led to which of the following political developments in the Islamic world in the thirteenth century?

A. The Russian conquest of Central Asia

B. The rise of Turkic states

C. The conversion of most of the Islamic world to Shia Islam

D. The collapse of trade along the Silk Road networks

The disintegration of the Abbasid Caliphate most directly led to the rise of Turkic states in the 13th Century.

Answer: Option 2

Explanation:

The end of the Abbasid Caliphate happened at the hands of Mongols who took over Baghdad and finished the Abbasid Caliphate in the latter half of the thirteenth century.

It was after the downfall of the Abbasid Caliphate that the emerging Ottomans secured new strength and the establishment of Turkic states by the Ottomans began.