Ancient egypt was protected by natural barriers formed by

Egyp was protected on the North by the Mediterranean Sea, althought this was probably its most active frontier because seafaring was easier than crossing the desert.

To the East, it was protected by the Sinai Peninsula, which is desertic and mountainous at the same time, characteristics that make it extremely hard to traverse. It was also protected by the Red Sea, which was not as active as the Mediterranean Sea, because the neighboring Arabian Peninsula was sparsely populated.

To the South and West, Egypt was protected by the Sahara Desert. Because the Nile runs southward, Ancient Egypt had more contact with the South than the East. In fact, Nubians, the name given to people who inhabited modern Sudan, were an important part of the Ancient Egyptian Community.