How did rome develop from a farming settlement into a republic?

It all began when the Romans overthrew their Etruscan conquerors in 509 B. C. E. Centered north of Rome, the Etruscans had ruled over the Romans for hundreds of years. Once free, the Romans established a republic, a government in which citizens elected representatives to rule on their behalf.

The Roman Republic originated in the year 509 BC, when the last Etruscan king is deposed and the Senate takes over the functions of government.

After the monarchical experience, the Romans choose not to leave power in the hands of one individual. Therefore, they eliminated the figure of the king and all positions should be held by two or more people.

Thus, there was not the figure of one ruler, but two, called consuls. These had a one-year term and were to control each other.

During this time, Rome organized its institutions and made important military conquests that ensured it dominated the Mediterranean Sea.