After World War I, the rise of Benito Mussolini in

Italy and the rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany are

most closely associated with

(1) the development of fascism

(2) the desire for containment

(3) an emphasis on democratic traditions

(4) a return to conservative religious practices

Hitler's and Mussolini's rule in their countries was the opposite of democracy (it can't be answer 3) : it was rather a dictatorship. They were also not connected to religion: we reject answer 4.

The correct answer is: (1) the development of fascism. These are actually the most typical example of fascist regimes.

(1) the development of fascism