How are ordinary citizens able to directing particapate in state legislative actions? Name the process, and explain how it works.

Initiative, referendum, and recall.

The initiative is the process that enables citizens to bypass their state legislature by placing proposed statutes, and in some states, constitutional amendments.

Referendum is a measure that appears on the ballot. There is a legislative referendum where the legislature refers a measure to the voters for their approval, and then there is a popular referendum, where the measure appears on the ballot as a result of voter petition drive.

Recall is a procedure that allows citizens to remove and replace a public official before the end of a term of office.