a) Identify ONE specific historical example of a cultural exchange between nomads and non-nomads that occurred in the period before 1450. b) For the period 1450-1750 c. e., identify ONE development that changed the role that Central Asian nomads played in cross-regional exchanges as described in the passage. c) Explain ONE cross-cultural exchange that would challenge the assertion in the last sentence of the passage concerning the nomads' role in cross-regional exchanges before 1450.

a) Identify ONE specific historical example of a cultural exchange between nomads and non-nomads that occurred in the period before 1450.

The example of one historic example of a cultural exchange between nomads and non-nomads that occurred in the period before 1450 is Contact with nomadic peoples led the Song dynasty of China to use warhorses from Central Asia.

(b). For the period 1450-1750 c. e., identify ONE development that changed the role that Central Asian nomads played in cross-regional exchanges as described in the passage.

ONE development that changed the role that Central Asian nomads played in cross-regional exchanges as described in the passage is European settlement of the Americas led to the declining importance of Central Asian nomads in cross-regional exchanges because trans-Atlantic contact became more important to global economic and cultural exchange.

(c). Explain ONE cross-cultural exchange that would challenge the assertion in the last sentence of the passage concerning the nomads' role in cross-regional exchanges before 1450.

ONE cross-cultural exchange that would challenge the assertion in the last sentence of the passage concerning the nomads' role in cross-regional exchanges before 1450 is that Christianity was mostly spread by merchants and missionaries who came from sedentary societies. t

Explanation:

A. Specific historical examples of a cultural exchange between nomads and non-nomads that occurred in the period before 1450 are:

Cultural exchanges between nomads and non-nomads included the spread of stirrups and gunpowder.

• Contact with nomadic peoples led the Song dynasty of China to use warhorses from Central Asia.

• The spread of religions such as Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, or Zoroastrianism across Central Asia in the period before 1450 was facilitated by contact between nomadic and non-nomadic societies along

the Silk Roads.

B. Examples of developments for the period 1450-1750 c. e., that changed the role that Central Asian nomads played in cross-regional exchanges as described in the passage are:

• The decline of the importance of the Silk Roads changed the role of Central Asian nomads.

• The expansion of gunpowder empires, such as Russia and the Qing dynasty, led to the declining importance of Central Asian nomads in facilitating cross-regional exchange.

• European settlement of the Americas led to the declining importance of Central Asian nomads in cross-regional exchanges because trans-Atlantic contact became more important to global economic and cultural exchange.

C. Examples that explain ONE cross-cultural exchange that would challenge the assertion in the last sentence of the passage concerning the nomads' role in cross-regional exchanges before 1450 are:

• Christianity was mostly spread by merchants and missionaries who came from sedentary societies.

• The spread of technologies like the compass or paper-making would challenge Allsen's claim that nomads were the chief promoters and agents of cultural exchange in Eurasia before 1450 because paper-making spread from China.

• Greek culture, philosophy, and science greatly influenced the development of Roman society, which challenges Allsen's argument that nomads were the chief agents of cultural exchange in the period before 1450.

1. Cultural exchange of gunpowder

2. Cross Cultural exchange was Through Europeans.

3. Spread of islam

Explanation:

1. There was a cultural exchange of gunpowder by the Mongols. Tang and Song dynasties were non nomadic and used gun powder. When expanses of land like southern Asia and eastern Europe was being conquered by nomadic Mongols, gunpowder was spread to non nomadic areas.

2. Cross cultural exchange was through European dominated trade, this was by the Dutch and Portuguese. Trade was mostly sea based and central Asian nomads had no access to this. This development limited Central Asia in cross regional exchange.

3. One cross cultural exchange was that Non nomadic merchants spread Islam to areas in India.