Did the 1848 revolutions represent more a victory or a defeat for nationalism in germany and italy?

Revolutions of 1848, series of republican revolts against European monarchies, beginning in Sicily, and spreading to France, Germany, Italy, and the Austrian Empire.

They all ended in failure and repression, and were followed by widespread disillusionment among liberals.

Explanation:

The 1848 revolutions failed throughout Italy due to a combination of several contributing factors, most importantly these included; foreign intervention, the refusal of the Pope to support the revolutions, lack of involvement from the masses and also lack of national leadership and aims.