What solutions did they pursue? what tools and technologies did they use?

I'm assuming you talking about the Romans ... But Romans wanted to take over the known world that was the goal and thats what they pursued and the tools and technologies they used would be Lorica Segmentata which was excellent armor back in the day and sling shots as well as scutums and gladius or shield and swords which were other technologies they used to take over Europe and most of the know world ...