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19 December, 20:01

Identify sources and types of law.

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  1. 19 December, 20:09
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    case law

    law established based on the outcome of former court cases

    civil law

    law that deals with relationships between people (rather than relationships between people and the government)

    code of Hammurabi

    a written code of rules that guided the ancient society of Babylon; dates back to 1772 B. C.

    common law

    law based on customs and prior legal decisions; used in civil cases

    constitutional law

    law that focuses on interpreting the U. S. Constitution

    criminal law

    law that deals with crimes and the punishments for those crimes

    juvenile law

    law that deals with people who are under the age of 18

    military law

    laws that apply only to people in the military

    administrative law/regulation

    a rule that a government agency makes to enforce a law

    statute

    laws passed by Congress or a state legislature

    precedent

    a rulings from earlier in similar cases that is used as a basis for new cases

    writ of habeas corpus

    court order that requires police to bring a prisoner before a judge and decide if they were lawfully imprisoned.

    bill of attainder

    a law that punishes a person accused of a crime without trial or a fair hearing.

    ex post facto law

    a law that punishes a person to be punished for an action that was not against the law when it was committed. "after the fact"

    due process

    legal process

    search warrant

    a court order to search seize evidence

    exclusionary law

    rule that states any evidence gained illegally may not be used in a trial and violates the 4th amendment

    miranda warning

    list of rights police must inform a person when arrested

    double jeopardy

    found in the 5th amendment, it states that you cannot be tried twice of the same crime if you were acquitted or found not guilty

    14th amendment

    requires equal justice of the law to all people and due process

    5th amendment

    rights to protect an accused person

    4th amendment

    protects against unreasonable search and seizures and must have probable cause for a search warrant

    6th amendment

    right to a speedy trial, right to have a lawyer, right to a jury, right to witnesses,

    8th amendment

    outlaws excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishments

    contract

    a set of promises between agreeing parties that is enforced by law

    property law

    rules/laws when buying and selling land or a building.

    family law

    laws applied to family, birth, adoption, marriage, divorce, death.

    personal injury

    laws that involve wrongful actions that cause injury to another person or damages to their property

    torts

    types of of personal injuries - intentional and/or negligent

    plaintiff

    person who files a lawsuit

    defendant

    the person being sued

    summons

    document that tells the defendant that he or she is being sued

    prosecution

    in a criminal case, the government is the plaintiff and start the legal process against the defendant

    indictment

    charged with a crime

    arraignment

    the accused pleads guilty or not guilty

    plea bargain

    the prosecution charges the defendant with a less serious crime in return for a guilty plea
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