What did the Russian and Chinese revolutions share in common with the French Revolution?

a. A commitment to Marxist ideology

b. A focus on promoting the interests of the middle class

c. A nostalgia for the cultural traditions of the past

d. A vision of the good society in a modernizing future

d. A vision of the good society in a modernizing future.

Explanation:

The Russian and Chinese revolutions both had a commitment to Marxist ideology. However, the French Revolution occurred a number of decades before Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels set down the foundations of communist theory. There was a radical group during the French Revolution, led by François-Noël Babeuf (aka Gracchus Babeuf), which called for a communist style society. That movement was known as "The Conspiracy of Equals." But the French Revolution overall was not something motivated by communist-style thinking.

All three revolutions, though, did put forth their own vision of a good society that would be created in a better, more modern future. French Revolutionaries wanted to end the old regime of monarchy and aristocracy and put into place a society of liberty, equality and fraternity. The Bolsheviks in Russia wanted to pull Russia forward out of an non-industrial past into a cooperative, productive future. Mao Zedong's communist revolution in China also wanted a "Great Leap Forward" from an outdated pattern of society to a newly imagined, more modern order.