Which of the following outcomes can be attributed to European imperialism in Africa after the Industrial Revolution?

African states were forced to focus their economies on acquiring natural resources.

Led to carving of Africa into random boundary lines, a loss of resources from the continent, imbalance of trade between Europe and Africa.

African imperialism allowed for Europeans to gain access to natural resources needed for industrialization. The continent also became a market for the newly created industrial items. The colonial lines created were arbitrary and eventually would led to ethnic conflict and war within the continent.