The writings of both John Locke and Thomas Hobbes played a major role in the development of which of the following beliefs

Answer: John Locke and Thomas Hobbes are not only philosophers of their times, but also very important figures in political theory/science (even today, when we think about civic and human rights - Locke; or when we think about the role of the state, executive branch of powers, about authoritarian regimes - Hobbes).

Explanation: Locke is very important for British tradition of civic rights (countries of European continent usually follow theories of J-J Rousseau) : civic rights are rights that are supposed to defend citizens against the power and authority of the state. Hobbes was defender of absolute monarchy in times of civil war in England (kings against parliament) because he belived that royal authority is the only power that can prevent self-destructive forces inherent in each society (strong executive power is a guarantee of piece and welfare). Whereas Locke supposes that citizens should be equipped with civic rights against the power of the king/state, Hobbes believes that strong and absolute central power (king/dictator, president) is absolutely necessary to secure peace and harmonious life of society.