This was a series of economic and technological changes in the Western World 18th - 20th centuries, which brought about the extensive mechanization of production systems.

The Industrial Revolution

Explanation:

The Industrial Revolution was the phenomena that would lead to the mechanization and factorization of productivity at first in Western Europe, and then to the rest of the Western sphere of influence, altering in many ways the social structure of the West, with the rise of working class, and the exponential growth of cities, and then to new political ideas such as marxism, anarchism and socialdemocracy.

The answer is the industrial Revolution