Explain the difference between dual federalism and cooperative federalism. Describe the use of both dual federalism and cooperative federalism by the United States government.

Dual federalism is when the two governments do not work together, and they work together in the cooperative federalism.

In dual federalism, the powers and policy assignments of the layers of government are distinct, as in a layer cake, and proponents of dual federalism believe that the powers of the national government should be interpreted narrowly.

In cooperative federalism, instead of seeing a layer cake, they see American federalism as more like a marble cake, with mingled responsibilities and blurred distinctions between the levels of government.