Like Booker T. Washington, Marcus Garvey believed blacks in the United States should

Both believed blacks should have equal rights and opportunities with whites, and both believed that education and entrepreneurship were paths to success for the black community. Their approaches on how to go in that direction differed, however ...

Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) advocated gradualism. That meant being patient and doing what white society would allow, which meant changes and better times for blacks would come slowly.

Marcus Garvey (1887-1940) promoted blacks taking power into their own hands more immediately, becoming their own business owners rather than dealing with unfairness at the hands of white employers. He urged black people to establish business and commerce enterprises for blacks (as he himself did), as a way of achieving economic independence and success. In "The Negro's Greatest Enemy," published in 1923, Garvey argued that Negroes were their own worst enemy and needed to take control of their own futures. He was one of the early figures in the black nationalism movement.