Which of the following is not a per se violation of the antitrust laws? a. price fixing. b. group boycotts. c. predatory pricing. d. division of markets. e. All of the above are per se violations.

c. predatory pricing.

Explanation:

Predatory pricing is an estimating procedure where an item or administration is set at an exceptionally low cost with the expectation to accomplish new clients (Loss leader), or driving contenders out of the market or to make hindrances to section for potential new contenders.