If 30 participants each completed a memory task three times - once each after having no, moderate, or high levels of caffeine, calculate the total degrees of freedom.

Answer: 29

Step-by-step explanation:

In statistics, the degrees of freedom gives the number of values that have the freedom to vary.

If the sample size is 'n' then the degree of freedom is given by:-

df = n-1

Given: The number of participants for the sample = 30

Then the degree of freedom for this sample=30-1=29

Hence, The total degree of freedom = 29