On Monday morning the temperature was 38°F, but by the afternoon the temperature had risen 22°F. On Tuesday morning the temperature had dropped 27°F since Monday afternoon, but then rose 10°F by the noon. How many degrees above or below 38°F is the temperature on Tuesday at noon?

The temperature on Tuesday afternoon is below 38 degrees Fahrenheit. As it states in the question the temperature on Tuesday morning was 27 degrees Fahrenheit and rose 10 more degrees at noon. Which makes is 37 degrees Fahrenheit at noon on Tuesday. You get this by taking 27 degrees and adding 10 degrees.