Define independent variable, dependent variable, and control variable. Give an example of each in a hypothetical experiment

Independent and dependent variables are commonly used variables whereas controlled variables are less used.

The variable that we can change is called Independent variable.

The dependent variable depend upon the independent variable, as we change the value of independent variable the value of dependent variable is also get changed.

And the constant term in our experiment is called the Control Variable. For example Temperature is taken constant during experiment.

Suppose we are interest to know that "Does a bean plant is grown best in shade or sun?"

Here the amount of light that plant received can be changed, so it is independent variable.

The plant's growth is dependent variable.

And, amount of water used, kind of soil is kept constant in both experiment plant grow in shade and plant grow in sun, so both variable is Control Variable.