How many different arrangements are there of the letters a, b, c, d, e, f for which e is not last in line?

Hmm, there are 5 letters

if you cannot repeat the letters

hmm, let's find how many for 4 letters

there are 4! or 4*3*2*1=24

that's how many ways there are to arrange a, b, c, d

now we can multiply it by 4 because there are 4 choices for the last place (e is not included0

24*4=56

answer is 56 different arrangements