An investigator wishes to estimate the proportion of students at a certain university who have violated the honor code. having obtained a random sample of n students, she realizes that asking each, "have you violated the honor code

Asking a student if they have violated the honor code is not the proper question to ask, for a couple of reasons. First is that maybe they don't even know what the honor code is, and second maybe the students aren't being honest in fear of the reprecussions.