Home Run

14. The hitter just hit the ball with the bat. He wants the ball to travel as straight

and far as possible.

a. In the illustration above, are the forces acting on the ball balanced or

unbalanced? If unbalanced, which force is most powerful?

b. Is friction acting on the ball? If so, explain how it may change the ball's

speed and direction.

The force acting on the ball are unbalanced. Reactionary momentum force (that originated as a result of the swing of the bat) is the most powerful.

Yes friction is acting on the ball. In course of journey it would slow the ball down and make it trace a parabolic path rather than straight path as intended by hitter.

Explanation:

As the hitter hits the ball, momentum of the bat due to swing (mass of the bat*velocity provided by the batsman swinging action of bat) gets transferred on the ball on its impact with the bat.

Since ball's mass is quite small as compared to the bat, the velocity of the ball increases by the same factor by which the ball's mass is lower than the bat's mass. This velocity causes forward motion of the ball (of course in the direction of bat's motion, here the batsman intends to send the ball straight away hence the ball would move straight).

Various forces on ball is-

Reactionary momentum force - bat's force (most powerful force) The frictional force of the air (opposing the motion of the ball through the air) Gravity force (pulling the ball down to the Earth)

As a combined effect of these force when all the force remains unbalanced, the ball moves away in the straight path under the impact of bats momentum which was most powerful of all.

Frictional force and Gravity force continue acting on the ball. While frictional forces decrease the ball velocity through the air, gravity force pulls it down thus deflecting its direction. Under the combined impact of declining bats momentum, friction force and gravity force, the ball traces a parabolic path (in accordance with the first law of motion from Newton)