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12 December, 01:55

A very weak pressure wave, i. e., a sound wave, across which the pressure rise is 30 Pa moves through air which has a temperature of 30°C and a pressure of 101 kPa. Find the density change, the temperature change, and the velocity change across this wave

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  1. 12 December, 02:24
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    Density change, Δρ = 2.4 * 10⁻⁴ kg/m³

    Temperature Change, ΔT = 0.0258 K

    Velocity Change, Δc = 0.0148 m/s

    Explanation:

    For sound waves moving through the air,

    Pressure and Temperature varies thus

    (P₀/P) = (T₀/T) ^ (k / (k-1))

    Where P₀ = initial pressure of air = 101KPa = 101000 Pa

    P = final pressure of air due to the change brought about by the moving sound wave = 101000+30 = 101030 Pa

    T₀ = initial temperature of air = 30°C = 303.15 K

    T = final temperature of air = ?

    k = ratio of specific heats = Cp/Cv = 1.4

    (101000/101030) = (303.15/T) ^ (1.4 / (1.4-1))

    0.9990703 = (303.15/T) ^ (3.5)

    Solving This,

    T = 303.1758 K

    ΔT = T - T₀ = 303.1758 - 303.15 = 0.0258 K

    Density can be calculate in two ways,

    First method

    Δρ = ρ - ρ₀

    P₀ = ρ₀RT₀

    ρ₀ = P₀/RT₀

    R = gas constant for air = 287 J/kg. k

    where all of these are values for air before the wave propagates

    P₀ = 101000 Pa, R = 287 J/kg. K, T₀ = 303.15K

    ρ₀ = 101000 / (287 * 303.15) = 1.1608655 kg/m³

    ρ = P/RT

    P = 101030 Pa, T = 303.1758K

    ρ = 101030 / (287*303.1758) = 1.1611115 kg/m³

    Δρ = ρ - ρ₀ = 1.1611115 - 1.1608655 = 0.00024 kg/m³ = 2.4 * 10⁻⁴ kg/m³

    Second method

    (ρ₀/ρ) = (T₀/T) ^ (1 / (k-1))

    Where ρ₀ is initially calculated from ρ₀ = P₀/RT₀, then ρ is then computed and the diff taken.

    Velocity Change

    c₀ = √ (kRT₀) = √ (1.4 * 287 * 303.15) = 349.00669 m/s

    c = √ (kRT) = √ (1.4 * 287 * 303.1758) = 349.0215415 m/s

    Δc = c₀ - c = 349.0215415 - 349.00669 = 0.0148 m/s

    QED!
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