When water freezes, its volume increases by 9.05% (that is, ΔV V0 = 9.05 ✕ 10-2). What force per unit area is water capable of exerting on a container when it freezes? (It is acceptable to use the bulk modulus of water in this problem.

2.0*10⁸ N/m².

Explanation:

Bulk modulus, B is defined as the ratio of the infinitesimal pressure increase to the resulting relative decrease of the volume

B = - V₀ * (Δp/ΔV)

Given:

ΔV/V₀ = 9.05*10⁻²

Bw = 0.22*10¹⁰

Δp = - B * (ΔV/V₀)

= (0.22*10¹⁰) * (9.05*10⁻²)

= 2.0*10⁸ N/m².