Neutral Atom: Na, Ca, I, O

Ion: Na + Ca+2 I - O-2

What are some differences you observe between the Neutral Atoms and the Ions?

An atom which had neither gained any extra electron nor had lost any of its own electron is a Neutral Atom.

If an atom loses or gains one or more electron it becomes charged ie it becomes ion.

eg

Na is neutral atom with no charge

Ca+2 is an atom which has lost two electrons to become positively charged ion

O-2 is an atom which has gained two electrons to become negatively charged ion