Which term is defined as the tendency of an atom to attract a pair of electrons that will bond?

The answer is electronegativity

Explanation:

Electronegativity is a concept that describes the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons towards itself.

An atom's electronegativity is affected by both its atomic number and the distance at which its valence electrons reside from the charged nucleus. The higher the associated electronegativity number, the more an atom or a substituent group attracts electrons towards itself.

The opposite of electronegativity is electropositivity: a measure of an element's ability to donate electrons.