For a series circuit what is the terminal voltage of a battery or power supply equal to in terms of the potential difference or voltage drops across circuit components.

Answer: V=IR

Explanation: for a series circuit connected to a battery supply, the total emf across the circuit is given as

E = I (R + r) and by expanding, we have that E = IR + It

Where r is the internal resistance of the battery

I is the total current flowing in the circuit

R total load resistance in the circuit.

E is the total emf of the circuit.

The total emf is the sum of 2 separate voltages.

"IR" which is the terminal voltage and "Ir" which is the loss voltage.

The teenila voltage is the voltage flowing in the circuit based on the equivalent resistance of the circuit while the loss voltage is the wasted voltage based on the internal resistance of the battery source.