What is another word for being expelled from membership in the church and participation in church life is

a. clergy

b. apprentice

c. chivalry

d. excommunication

The answer to this question is D. Excommunication

Excommunication could only be enacted as the result of judgment from authorities figure on the church.

In most cases, this happens because excommunicated persons violated a certain rules/regulations that imposed by the church/bibles